Optimized configuration for WordOps running on Ubuntu server
Server Stack
- Ubuntu 16.04/18.04 LTS
- Nginx 1.17.x / 1.16.x
- PHP-FPM 7.2/7.3
- MariaDB 10.3
- REDIS 5.0
- Memcached
- Fail2ban
- Netdata
- UFW
Info
As EasyEngine v3 will no longer receive any updates, configurations available in this repository are being updated for WordOps (EEv3 fork).
We are currently contributing to WordOps project and several parts of this repository are already included in WordOps.
All previous configurations are still available in the branch easyengine-v3.
Configuration files with comments available by following the link source
Initial configuration
System update and packages cleanup
apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade -y && apt-get autoremove --purge -y && apt-get clean
Install useful packages
sudo apt-get install haveged curl git unzip zip fail2ban htop nload nmon ntp gnupg gnupg2 wget pigz tree ccze mycli -y
Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/VirtuBox/ubuntu-nginx-web-server.git $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server
Updating the repository
git -C $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server pull origin master
Tweak Kernel & Increase open files limits
Included by default in WordOps - this may not be needed anymore
source sysctl.conf - limits.conf source
cp $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS do not support the new tcp congestion control algorithm bbr, we will use htcp instead.
# On ubuntu 18.04 LTS
modprobe tcp_bbr && echo 'tcp_bbr' >> /etc/modules-load.d/bbr.conf
echo -e '\nnet.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = bbr\nnet.ipv4.tcp_notsent_lowat = 16384' >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
# On ubuntu 16.04 LTS
modprobe tcp_htcp && echo 'tcp_htcp' >> /etc/modules-load.d/htcp.conf
echo 'net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = htcp' >> /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
Then to apply the configuration :
sysctl -e -p /etc/sysctl.d/60-ubuntu-nginx-web-server.conf
Increase openfiles limits
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "* hard nofile 500000\n* soft nofile 500000\nroot hard nofile 500000\nroot soft nofile 500000\n" >> /etc/security/limits.conf'
disable transparent hugepage for redis
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
WordOps Setup
Install MariaDB 10.3
Included by default in WordOps - this may not be needed anymore
Instructions available in VirtuBox Knowledgebase
bash <(wget -qO - https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup) --mariadb-server-version=10.3 --skip-maxscale -y
sudo apt update && sudo apt install mariadb-server -y
Secure MariaDB after install by running the command :
mysql_secure_installation
MySQL Tuning
You can download my example of my.cnf, optimized for VPS with 4GB RAM. my.cnf source
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/mysql/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
It include modification of innodb_log_file_size variable, so you need to use the following commands to apply the new configuration :
sudo service mysql stop
sudo mv /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile0.bak
sudo mv /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1 /var/lib/mysql/ib_logfile1.bak
sudo service mysql start
Increase MariaDB open files limits
echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d/limits.conf
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart mariadb
Setup cronjob to optimize your MySQL databases and repair them if needed
Open the crontab editor
sudo crontab -e
Then add the following cronjob
@weekly /usr/bin/mysqlcheck -Aos --auto-repair > /dev/null 2>&1
Install WordOps
# noninteractive install - you can replace $USER with your username & root@$HOSTNAME by your email
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "[user]\n\tname = $USER\n\temail = root@$HOSTNAME" > $HOME/.gitconfig'
wget -qO wo wops.cc && sudo bash wo
enable wo bash_completion
source /etc/bash_completion.d/wo_auto.rc
Install Nginx, php7.2, php7.3, and configure WO backend
wo stack install
wo stack install --php73
Set your email instead of root@localhost
echo 'root: my.email@address.com' >> /etc/aliases
newaliases
Install Composer - Fix phpmyadmin install issue
Included by default in WordOps - this may not be needed anymore
cd ~/ ||exit
curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar /usr/bin/composer
chown www-data:www-data /var/www
sudo -u www-data -H composer update -d /var/www/22222/htdocs/db/pma/
Allow shell for www-data for SFTP usage
usermod -s /bin/bash www-data
Install PHP
This section has been removed because WordOps already install PHP 7.2 & PHP 7.3 by default
Set the proper alternative for /usr/bin/php
If you want to choose which version of php to use with the command php, you can use the command update-alternatives
# php5.6
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php5.6 80
# php7.0
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.0 80
# php7.1
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.1 80
# php7.2
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.2 80
# php7.3
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/php php /usr/bin/php7.3 80
Then you can check php version with command php -v
NGINX Configuration
Additional Nginx configuration (/etc/nginx/conf.d)
Included by default in WordOps - this may not be needed anymore
- stub_status configuration on 127.0.0.1:80 : stub_status.conf
- restore visitor real IP under Cloudflare : cloudflare.conf
# copy all common nginx configurations
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/conf.d/* /etc/nginx/conf.d/
# commit change with git
[ ! -d /etc/nginx/.git ] && { git -C /etc/nginx init; } git -C /etc/nginx/ add . && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update conf.d configurations"
Compile the latest Nginx release with nginx-ee
bash <(wget -O - virtubox.net/nginx-ee || curl -sL virtubox.net/nginx-ee)
Custom configurations
Nginx optimized configurations
Choose one of them
# TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3 only (recommended)
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# TLSv1.2 only
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx-tlsv12.conf
# commit change with git
[ ! -d /etc/nginx/.git ] && { git -C /etc/nginx init; } git -C /etc/nginx/ add . && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update nginx.conf"
Nginx configuration for netdata
Included by default in WordOps - this may not be needed anymore
# add nginx reverse-proxy for netdata on https://yourserver.hostname:22222/netdata/
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/nginx/sites-available/22222 /etc/nginx/sites-available/22222
# commit change with git
[ ! -d /etc/nginx/.git ] && { git -C /etc/nginx init; } git -C /etc/nginx/ add . && git -C /etc/nginx/ commit -m "update 22222 configuration"
Increase Nginx open files limits
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d
echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service.d/limits.conf
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
Security
Harden SSH Security
WARNING : SSH Configuration with root login allowed using SSH keys only source
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/ssh/sshd_config
UFW
Instructions available in VirtuBox Knowledgebase
# enable ufw log - allow outgoing - deny incoming
ufw logging low
ufw default allow outgoing
ufw default deny incoming
# allow incoming traffic on SSH port
CURRENT_SSH_PORT=$(grep "Port" /etc/ssh/sshd_config | awk -F " " '{print $2}')
ufw allow $CURRENT_SSH_PORT
# DNS - HTTP/S - FTP - NTP - RSYNC - DHCP - EE Backend
ufw allow 53
ufw allow http
ufw allow https
ufw allow 21
ufw allow 123
ufw allow 68
ufw allow 546
ufw allow 873
ufw allow 22222
# enable UFW
echo "y" | ufw enable
Custom jails for fail2ban
- wordpress bruteforce
- ssh
- recidive (after 3 bans)
- backend http auth
- nginx bad bots
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/fail2ban/filter.d/* /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/
cp -rf $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/etc/fail2ban/jail.d/* /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/
fail2ban-client reload
Secure Memcached server
echo '-U 0' >> /etc/memcached.conf
sudo systemctl restart memcached
If you do not use memcached, you can safely stop it and disable it :
sudo systemctl stop memcached
sudo systemctl disable memcached.service
Optional
proftpd
Install proftpd
apt-get install proftpd -y
secure proftpd and enable passive ports
sed -i 's/# DefaultRoot/DefaultRoot/' /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
sed -i 's/# RequireValidShell/RequireValidShell/' /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
sed -i 's/# PassivePorts 49152 65534/PassivePorts 49000 50000/' /etc/proftpd/proftpd.conf
restart proftpd
sudo service proftpd restart
Allow FTP ports with UFW
# ftp active port
sudo ufw allow 21
# ftp passive ports
sudo ufw allow 49000:50000/tcp
Enable fail2ban proftpd jail
echo -e '\n[proftpd]\nenabled = true\n' >> /etc/fail2ban/jail.d/custom.conf
fail2ban-client reload
Adding FTP users
# create user without shell access in group www-data
adduser --home /var/www/yourdomain.tld/ --shell /bin/false --ingroup www-data youruser
# allow group read/write on website folder
chmod -R g+rw /var/www/yourdomain.tld
ee-acme-sh
Included by default in WordOps - this may not be needed anymore
Github repository - Script to setup letsencrypt certificates using acme.sh on EasyEngine servers
- subdomain support
- ivp6 support
- wildcards certificates support
wget-qO install-ee-acme.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/VirtuBox/ee-acme-sh/master/install.sh
chmod +x install-ee-acme.sh
./install-ee-acme.sh
# enable acme.sh & ee-acme-sh
source .bashrc
netdata
Included by default in WordOps - this may not be needed anymore
# save 40-60% of netdata memory
echo 1 >/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/run
echo 1000 >/sys/kernel/mm/ksm/sleep_millisecs
# install netdata
bash <(curl -Ss https://my-netdata.io/kickstart.sh) all --dont-wait
# increase open files limits for netdata
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/netdata.service.d
echo -e '[Service]\nLimitNOFILE=500000' > /etc/systemd/system/netdata.service.d/limits.conf
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart netdata.service
# disable email notifications
sudo sed -i 's/SEND_EMAIL="YES"/SEND_EMAIL="NO"/' /usr/lib/netdata/conf.d/health_alarm_notify.conf
service netdata restart
cht.sh (cheat)
curl https://cht.sh/:cht.sh > /usr/bin/cht.sh
chmod +x /usr/bin/cht.sh
echo "alias cheat='cht.sh'" >> $HOME/.bashrc
source $HOME/.bashrc
usage : cheat <command>
root@vps:~ cheat cat
# cat
# Print and concatenate files.
# Print the contents of a file to the standard output:
cat file
# Concatenate several files into the target file:
cat file1 file2 > target_file
# Append several files into the target file:
cat file1 file2 >> target_file
# Number all output lines:
cat -n file
nanorc - Improved Nano Syntax Highlighting Files
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/scopatz/nanorc/master/install.sh -qO- | sh
Add WP-CLI & bash-completion for user www-data
Included by default in WordOps - this may not be needed anymore
# download wp-cli bash_completion
wget -qO /etc/bash_completion.d/wp-completion.bash https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/wp-cli/master/utils/wp-completion.bash
# change /var/www owner
chown www-data:www-data /var/www
# download .profile & .bashrc for www-data
cp -f $HOME/ubuntu-nginx-web-server/var/www/.* /var/www/
# set owner
chown www-data:www-data /var/www/{.profile,.bashrc}
Cleanup previous EasyEngine v3
Included by default in WordOps - this may not be needed anymore
EasyEngine migration to WordOps is now handled by the install script. The only step to finish the migration is to remove previous php versions if you don’t need them anymore.
Removing previous php versions
# php5.6
apt-get -y autoremove php5.6-fpm php5.6-common --purge
# php7.0
apt-get -y autoremove php7.0-fpm php7.0-common --purge
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